Everything about Tonin totally explained
Tonina (Toniná in the
Spanish language) is a
pre-Columbian archaeological site and ruined city of the
Maya civilization located in what is now the state of
Chiapas,
Mexico, some 13
km (8.1
mi) east of the town of
Ocosingo.
The site is medium to large, with groups of
temple-pyramids, the largest being some 76
m (249.3
ft) high, a large court for playing the
Mesoamerican ballgame, and over 100 carved monuments, most dating from the
Maya Classic Era from the
6th century through the
9th century.
Rulers
Rulers of Tonina recorded in the
Maya script on Tonina monuments include:
- B'alam Ya Acal - 6th century
- Chac B'olom Chaak
- K'inich Hix Chapat - c. 595-665
- king, name unknown - 668-687
- K'inich B'aaknal Chaak - 688-715
- King, name undecyphered - c.717 -723
- K'inich Ich'aak Chapat - 723 - c. 739
- K'inich Tuun Chapat - 8th century
- Ruler, name undeciphered - 787 - c. 806
- Uh Chapat - early 9th century
The known last recorded date at the site is featured on Monument 101 as 909
CE.
Archaeological investigations
The first published account of the ruins was made by
Fray Jacinto Garrido at the end of the
17th century. A number of visitors investigated the ruins of Tonina in the
19th century, the first being an expedition led by Guillaume Dupaix in
1808.
John Lloyd Stephens and
Frederick Catherwood visited in
1840, but these usually meticulous antiquitarians published only a short mention of their visit which added little to the knowledge of the site. More thorough accounts didn't come until the
1890s, when
Eduard Seler,
Karl Sapper, and others mapped and photographed the site.
Frans Blom and
Oliver La Farge investigated the site in
1925 for
Tulane University. Blom returned in
1928, discovering additional monuments in the area.
The
French Tonina Project began excavations in
1972 which continued through
1975, then resumed in
1979 to
1980, under the direction of
Pierre Becquelin. The
National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico (INAH) began their own excavations at Tonina the following year.
The site is accessible for
tourism and has a small
museum.
Gallery
Image:toninastela.jpg|Stela with glyphs at the Tonina museum
Image:ToninaINAH.jpg|Sculpture at Tonina
Further Information
Get more info on 'Tonin'.
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